Jan, I was hoping that no person of color would respond by trying to dismiss what the author had to say. Often, we have learned to be harsh to our children based on the belief that we are doing the right thing. If we WERE doing the right thing, perhaps fewer of us would turn out so wrong. Yes, both the rod and staff are symbols of guidance, not punishment. You recall, of course, that the candy cane is a symbol of the Good Shepherd. If I've read you wrong, then let me know.